Probiotics have emerged as effective biotherapeutics that can restore microbial homeostasis, regulate host metabolism, and ameliorate disease progression through mechanisms such as modulation of gut barrier integrity, reduction of systemic inflammation, enhancement of short-chain fatty acid production, and improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism
1 The medication starts at 2.5 mg per week, increasing gradually to a maintenance dose of 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg, depending on individual response and tolerability
Currently, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, so doctors can't prescribe it and pharmacies can't sell it
Interestingly, staining for Osterix revealed a similar number of osteoprogenitor cells on the bone perimeter suggesting MSCs were able to migrate to the bone surface despite impaired IGF-1 signaling (Figure 5, top panel)