Although treating these cells with high concentrations of glutamine alone does increase the cellular content of glutamate (through glutaminase action), this does not stimulate insulin secretion [70]
Equally revealing was the observation that the NADH/NAD couple, which slowly interacts with the GSH system (Rost and Rapoport, 1964), could not substitute for NADPH/NADP in the enzyme-catalyzed system (Rall and Lehninger, 1952), although the redox potentials of the two nucleotide couples are practically identical
It is, therefore, inherently limited and the longer we are asked to rely on willpower, the more it is diminished
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