(1) More specifically, the tripeptide sequence composed of glycine, histidine, and lysine, abbreviated as Gly-His-Lys, may be derived during the breakdown of collagen through hydrolysis
Injectable GHK-Cu is delivered systemically rather than absorbed through the skin, which produces different (and generally more pronounced) systemic effects than topical copper peptide cosmetics
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Studies by Pickart and colleagues published in 2012-2018 showed that GHK-Cu treatment of cultured human fibroblasts altered expression of several thousand genes, with patterns indicating increased expression of genes involved in tissue repair, antioxidant responses, protein synthesis, and cellular rejuvenation