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This review comprehensively summarizes the potential mechanisms by which vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) intervenes in PD may influence the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), including the regulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolites, inhibition of central and peripheral neuroinflammatory responses, modulation of hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis function, enhancement of brain region functional connectivity and neurotrophic factor secretion, and explores its potential value in translating into clinical therapeutic strategies
When you eat less, your body produces less warmth from breaking down food
14% with placebo, P = 0.46) [44]
EMF causes biological harm through six documented mechanisms
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