Previous studies have indicated that the association between DM and AF may involve mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, abnormal energy metabolism, impaired cellular calcium handling, dysfunctional ion channels, and conduction disturbances (55)
GLP-1RAs have multiple pleiotropic actions, as they bind to GLP-1 receptors expressed in many human tissues including the pancreas, kidneys, lungs, heart, brain, and gastrointestinal tract [5, 6]
The novel dual Glp-1/Gip receptor agonist Da-Ch5 is superior to single Glp-1 receptor agonists in the mptp model of Parkinson'S disease
Because DSIP is studied in the context of sleep architecture normalization, stress response modulation, and HPA axis regulation, it is a subject in experiments related to sleep-stress interactions and emotional well-beingwithout implying outcomes outside of a research setting.