Miquelianin-rich lotus leaf extract (LLE) significantly increases the expression of 3-adrenergic receptor (3-AR) and p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK ratio in the inguinal white adipose tissues of in vitro models established by the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, thus significantly decreasing the protein expression of the mitophagy markers, PINK1, Parkin, Beclin1 and LC3B, up-regulating the expressions of p62 and Drp1, increasing the expression of beige fat-enriched marker proteins nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), PPAR, and cytochrome oxidase subunit VII a (Cox7a), and upregulated the protein levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1 (PGC-1), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels
Mullen, A
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Although hemolysis of deficient red cells may occur intravascularly, rarely leading to jaundice [141], oxidized red cells are mostly recognized by the macrophages in the spleen and liver and are subsequently removed from circulation
